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c:["$","p",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"When to use:"}]," Default for most setups. Zero overhead, kernel-native, simple to configure in ",["$","code",null,{"children":"/etc/network/interfaces"}],"."]}]
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f:["$","p",null,{"children":["OVS is a ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"programmable"}]," virtual switch. Where Linux Bridge has a fixed forwarding model, OVS exposes a ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"flow table"}]," you can populate with OpenFlow rules — giving you full control over how packets are forwarded, rewritten, or dropped."]}]
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14:["$","p",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"Internal port"}]," (useful when you have no spare NIC):"]}]
15:["$","p",null,{"children":"An internal port is a virtual interface created by OVS on the bridge. Assign it an IP — VMs attached to that OVS bridge can reach the host through it. No physical hardware required."}]
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17:["$","p",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"When to use:"}]," When you need VXLAN tunnels between hosts, per-flow traffic control, or want to learn how OpenStack/OVN works under the hood."]}]
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1a:["$","p",null,{"children":["SDN is an ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"architectural pattern"}],", not a specific technology. The core idea: separate the ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"control plane"}]," (deciding where traffic goes) from the ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"data plane"}]," (actually forwarding packets). A centralized controller programs many switches at once, instead of each switch making independent decisions."]}]
1b:["$","p",null,{"children":["$","strong",null,{"children":"In the context of Proxmox SDN:"}]}]
1c:["$","p",null,{"children":["Proxmox SDN is a cluster-wide ",["$","strong",null,{"children":"management layer"}]," built on top of Linux bridges or OVS. It introduces:"]}]
1d:["$","ul",null,{"children":["\n",["$","li",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"Zones"}],": define what kind of network a group of VNets uses (Simple, VLAN, VXLAN, EVPN). A zone maps to a forwarding technology."]}],"\n",["$","li",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"VNets"}],": named virtual networks within a zone. Proxmox generates a Linux bridge named after the VNet on every cluster node."]}],"\n",["$","li",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"Subnets"}],": IP ranges and DHCP/DNS config attached to a VNet."]}],"\n",["$","li",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"EVPN / BGP integration"}],": for multi-node L3 routing, Proxmox SDN delegates to FRR (the same daemon used in Exercise 4)."]}],"\n"]}]
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1f:["$","p",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"Broader SDN (outside Proxmox):"}]," In Kubernetes, the CNI plugin ",["$","em",null,{"children":"is"}]," your SDN. Cilium's control plane programs eBPF maps (data plane) for pod routing — the same separation of control and data plane that OpenFlow introduced for physical switches."]}]
20:["$","p",null,{"children":[["$","strong",null,{"children":"When to use Proxmox SDN:"}]," When managing multiple Proxmox nodes and you want consistent, declarative network definitions across the cluster without editing ",["$","code",null,{"children":"/etc/network/interfaces"}]," on each node by hand."]}]
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23:["$","$L9",null,{"className":"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark","style":{"--shiki-light":"#24292e","--shiki-dark":"#e1e4e8","--shiki-light-bg":"#fff","--shiki-dark-bg":"#24292e"},"tabIndex":"0","icon":"<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>","children":["$","$La",null,{"children":["$","code",null,{"children":[["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"Linux Bridge  ──  simple, kernel-native, single-host L2"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"     ↓ adds programmability"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"Open vSwitch  ──  flow tables, VXLAN tunnels, port mirroring"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"     ↓ adds lifecycle management"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"Proxmox SDN   ──  declarative zones/VNets, cluster-wide, FRR for L3"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"     ↓ adds workload identity"}]}],"\n",["$","span",null,{"className":"line","children":["$","span",null,{"children":"Kubernetes CNI  ──  Cilium/Calico: pod-level policy, BGP, eBPF"}]}]]}]}]}]
24:["$","p",null,{"children":"Each layer is a superset of the one above it in complexity. Start with Linux Bridge; reach for OVS when you need programmability or VXLAN; use Proxmox SDN when managing a cluster; and understand all three before reasoning about CNI plugins."}]
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